i would check how the plug is connecting inside the socket,as thats is where it is shorting out, have you tried any other plugs in it from other items, i would also doulbe check the pos and neg out put from the unit??just on the safe side.
The satnav should take no more than 2 amps when charging so this is not an overload issue (I know this because I wired a separate 5V supply for my Garmin unit). Almost certainly the plug is shorting something when you insert it.
Had similar when we first got ours. Took the cigar lighter socket out to have a look. On the back there is a scrificial wire that acts as a “fuse”. This had blown/burnt out at some point and been replaced with a wire of massive proportions! Clearly a previous owner had had this repaired because it had stopped working. However this “fix” hadn’t cured the fault, just the symptom. So as the fault was still with the socket, it kept blowing the fuse in the sat nav & phone charger. I replaced the socket with a good second hand one and have never had the problem since.